3 research outputs found
Participation in contract farming and farm performance: Insights from cashew farmers in Ghana
The global demand for cashew nuts continues to increase steadily. However, many
African countries face difficulties in marketing and adding value to the product. Using
recent survey data of 391 cashew farmers in Ghana, this paper contributes to the grow-
ing evidence on the significance of contract farming (CF) in improving the welfare
of rural households in developing countries. Specifically, the paper analyzes the fac-
tors that influence cashew farmersâ decisions to participate in CF, and the impact
of participation on farmersâ performance. We employ a recently developed switch-
ing regression model with endogenous explanatory variables and endogenous switch-
ing to control for selection bias caused by observable and unobservable factors. The
empirical results show that participation in CF significantly increases labor produc-
tivity and price margins, as well as cashew yields, and net revenues. A disaggregated
analysis of the sample into farm size categories reveals that small-sized cashew farms
tend to benefit more through CF, compared to medium- and large-sized farms
Gendered and generational tensions in increased land commercialisation: rural livelihood diversification, changing land use, and food security in Ghanaâs Brong-Ahafo region
Many smallholder farmers in Jaman North District, BrongâAhafo Region, Ghana are shifting from food crop production to increased cultivation of cashew, an export cash crop. This paper examines gendered and generational tensions in increased commercialisation of land, livelihood diversification, and household food security in the context of globalisation and environmental change. Using qualitative, participatory research with 60 middleâgeneration men and women, young people and key stakeholders, the research found that community members valued the additional income stream. Young people and women, however, were apprehensive about the longâterm consequences for food security of allocating so much land to cashew plantations. Young, middle, and older generations were concerned about their weak bargaining position in negotiating fair prices with export companies and intermediaries. Greater integration into the global economy exposed rural actors to multiple risks and inequalities, such as the uneven effects of economic globalisation, rises in food prices, hunger and food insecurity, growing competition for land, youth outmigration and climate change. The shift towards cashew cultivation appears to be exacerbating gender and generational inequalities in access to land and food insecurity and leading to exploitation within the global agriâfood supply chain among already vulnerable rural communities in the global South. With stronger farmer associations and cooperatives, however, cashew farmers stand the chance of benefitting from greater integration into the global economy, through strengthened bargaining positions. Greater understanding is needed about the complex interactions between sustainable food systems, changing land use and gender and generational inequalities in rural spaces